Ancient History
The Consulship of Gaius Pompey Magnus (52 BC)
Gnaeus Pompey the Great was undoubtedly one of the most influential figures during the Roman Republic in both political and military spheres…
Ancient History
55 articles
Ancient History
Mummies, oracle bones and their medicinal use
Egyptian mummies, along with oracle bones from China's Shang dynasty, were shrouded in mysticism and turned into miracle medicines, one for …
Ancient History
Celtic crosses: Celtic and Christian elements intertwined
The Celtic crosses found in the Paleo-Christian monasteries of Ireland represent the fusion between primitive Christianity and Celtic cosmol…
Ancient History
Why in Rome were long sleeves considered effeminate?
Long sleeves, effeminacy and masculinity in classical sources Descriptions of effeminate or sexually passive characters in Roman sources are…
Ancient History
Roman religious festivals of February, according to Ovid's Fasti II
The Roman poet Ovid (43 BC – 17 AD) wrote his poem Fasti (in Latin) around the years 8 to 12. It deals with the months of the ancient Roman …
Ancient History
Spoils in Val d'Aran
The phenomenon known as spolia played a key role not only in the physical construction of early Christian churches but also in the developme…
Ancient History
The Basques: A Distorted History of a People
The Basque people have been the subject of numerous historical manipulations over time: the historicism of the 19th century, which was conso…
Ancient History
Asian spices in Egyptian mummies
Spices are typically recognized for their use in cooking and specifically in the preparation of foods, but they were not used solely for thi…
Ancient History
Tiberius' comparison of Odysseus
The High Roman Empire is characterized by a notable intensification of the Hellenization that Rome had already been experiencing since the R…
Ancient History
Pray and work? The monk before manual labor
"Manual labor? Me?" would be the question some monks might ask when asked to work for their sustenance. Indeed, there was a debate about whe…
Ancient History
Bread and beer for ancient Egyptians
Bread and beer were the basic foods in the daily diet of ancient Egyptians, who, although their diet was very diverse with meats, legumes, v…
Ancient History
The Dictatorship during the Roman Republic (509-263 BCE)
If there is one word that evokes fear in the history of the Roman Republic, it is undoubtedly that of dictator. This Roman magistracy has pa…
Archaeology
The symbolism of hunting in the New Kingdom of Egypt
Hunting, an essential activity for the survival of early human communities, acquired a unique symbolism in Egypt. Through hunting, pharaohs …
Archaeology
Funerary archaeological monuments and tomb inscriptions in the Greco-Roman world
For centuries, various cultures have attempted to preserve the memory of the deceased for posterity, immortalizing them through diverse fune…
Ancient History
Queens of Ancient Egypt: Hatshepsut
In this article, we will examine the most notable aspects of Hatshepsut's twenty-year reign. Based on recent studies and publications that o…
Ancient History
The Epic of Gilgamesh and Its Parallels with the Bible
The Epic of King Gilgamesh is a narrative composed of eleven clay tablets written by Shin-Leqi-Unninni. We find in it a division into what w…
Ancient History
Funeral banquets in Ancient Egypt
Since before the dynastic period in ancient Egypt, food and drinks were deposited alongside the deceased as part of the grave goods that wou…
Archaeology
Once again, the Tombs of Vergina: A debate that continues to divide academia…
On October 17, 2024, Antonis Bartsiokas published an article in which he claimed to have identified the sacred tunic that Alexander of Maced…
Archaeology
The discovery of the tomb of Thutmose II
A few days ago, we experienced something in the Valley of the Kings that hadn't happened since 1922. On February 18, Egypt's Ministry of Tou…
Ancient History
Julius Caesar: The Two Faces of the Same Character. Part 2
Against the heroic and victorious portrayal of Caesar (Badian, 2009, p. 17) presented in the first part of the article (López Calero, 2024),…
Ancient History
Symposium: Symbiosis, Hospitality, and Epic in Ancient Greece
The Greeks referred to symposium (συμπόσιον, symposion) as the time dedicated to drinking, eating, and conversation (Gual, 2022). More than …
Ancient History
Sulpicia, a Roman poetess
To understand the figure of Sulpicia, it is necessary to have some knowledge of the social status of Roman women. Authors like Virgil and Ov…
Ancient History
Horus and the Falcon: The Origins of an Egyptian God
The connection between the falcon and Horus seems inseparable when we think about Egyptian deities. This is how the ancient Egyptians convey…
Ancient History
Julius Caesar: The Two Faces of the Same Character
When thinking about the Roman world (Hibbert, 1987), the first images that come to mind are from movies like Gladiator, Quo Vadis, Ben-Hur, …
Ancient History
The Ithaca algorithm. DeepMind serves Archaeology
It's not the first time we've discussed machine learning in ArqueoTimes (Luengo, 2023), but perhaps it is the first time we are focusing on …
Ancient History
Hellenistic piracy: at the service of the Diadochi in the 4th century B.C.
War and instability were two factors that substantially shaped the 4th century BC for Greece and the eastern Mediterranean. This was a trans…
Ancient History
The religiousness of the Roman army in Hispania
In this article, we present an exposition of the presence of gods, the sacred, and religious sentiment in the life of the Roman soldier with…
Ancient History
Rediscovering the East: Early Notes on Cuneiform Writing and Persepolis
Rediscovering the East: Early Notes on Cuneiform Writing and Persepolis The cuneiform script was developed by the Sumerians in Mesopotamia a…
Ancient History
The Athenian fleet as a vehicle for democracy
Democracy in ancient Greece, commonly attributed to Pericles, had significant precursors like Cleisthenes and Themistocles, whose political …
Ancient History
The religiousness of ancient pirates: a historiographical analysis
The religiosity of pirates in antiquity is a novel topic of research that has been gaining strength in recent years, particularly in Spain. …
Ancient History
Acoustic Behavior Analysis in Classical Architecture
I have always thought that architecture is a construction carried out in a specific period, under aesthetic guidelines appropriate to its ti…
Ancient History
The figure of Hephaestion as an example of the worship of Alexander the Great
The figure of Alexander the Great has always straddled the boundary between myth and reality (Gómez Espelosín, 2015). His deeds have been th…
Ancient History
The Dream Mosaic: An Intercultural Analysis of Dream Interpretation (I)
Moreover, other indescribable discomforts bothered me... It was then that, for the first time, the Savior began to make his revelations to m…
Ancient History
Childhood. Some games and toys in Roman times
During childhood, games and toys have enriched and developed human personality. Thus, they have provided intellectual and social development…
Ancient History
"Filotimo": A Greek term with no direct translation
There is no exact translation for the word philotimo. Even Greeks today do not have an answer when asked about the meaning of the term. They…
Ancient History
Ink and Blood: The Colors of the Roman Army
When we think of the Roman army, what comes to mind is the uniformity of the troops: all soldiers in the same cohort wearing identical armor…
Ancient History
Athens. A city for philosophy
Philosophy was a discipline of knowledge that emerged on the coast of Asia Minor around the 7th century BC. However, its development and for…
Archaeology
Ancient piracy: everywhere and anywhere
Piracy was present in ancient times in a much more consistent way than we might think, that is, it was not just a matter of marginal groups.…
Ancient History
The monk seal in the ancient Mediterranean
Since the dawn of their existence, seals have coexisted with humans along coastal and marine areas. Specifically, the Mediterranean monk sea…
Archaeology
Canopic jars: protectors of the viscera in Ancient Egypt
In Egyptian religion, people were composed of five components: the body, the Ba, the Ka, the shadow, and the name. These elements, particula…
Ancient History
Theseus, the creator of democracy
The history of the Greeks is an interesting sum of mythological facts and heroic events. During the classical era, they turned to their myth…
Ancient History
Dark pacts in ancient Greek, Roman, and Jewish magic
The mysticism of magic has been a topic that has sparked curiosity since the dawn of civilization. However, its unique characteristics have …
Ancient History
An approach to Roman legionary diet
Civitas et militas Food, whether solid or liquid, is essential for any living being, so obtaining it is one of the main priorities when leav…
Ancient History
Correct dating of the sculpture "The Capitoline She-Wolf"
The Capitoline She-Wolf or Lupa is a bronze sculpture located in the Capitoline Museums (Rome, Italy), although there are copies all over th…
Ancient History
The heirs of Cleopatra II: descendants with Mark Antony
In a previous article, we discussed Caesarion, the eldest son of Cleopatra and, had circumstances been different, also the eldest son of Jul…
Archaeology
Artificial lighting through history: a journey from prehistory to the present (I)
In the Europe we live in today, electricity has become an indispensable part of life. Beyond economic fluctuations, access to it is truly ea…
Archaeology
Tutankhamun: 100 Years Since His Discovery
"I see wonderful things." These were the words spoken by Howard Carter about 100 years ago after looking through the hole they had made to o…
Ancient History
Protection against adversity: an approach to the magical value of the Abgar legend
Introduction: The origin of Christianity developed at the intersection of three continents and was influenced by the presence of two great e…
Ancient History
How was river navigation in Roman times? The case of the Guadalquivir and Genil rivers
Introduction During the Roman conquest of the Iberian Peninsula, the conditioning of transit routes was necessary to facilitate the passage …
Ancient History
THE HEIRS OF CLEOPATRA I: CAESARION
If we were to ask around, everyone would certainly recognize the name of Julius Caesar, one of the most famous figures in Roman history. The…
Ancient History
Saint Benedict Abbey And The Benedictine Order. Sovereign of the Old Continent.
The Patriarch of the Western Monks, Saint Benedict of Nursia (480-547) (Figure 1), was the founder of one of the longest-lasting religious o…
Archaeology
The "triple death" ritual or "threefold death"
In a previous article (Martínez Blanco, 2021), we delved into the world of mummies discovered in European bogs and peatlands. In this new in…
Archaeology
The Autrigones. Brief data for your knowledge
The Autrigones were a pre-Roman ethnic group that inhabited the northern part of the Cantabrian coast. Today, they would have occupied parts…
Ancient History
Iconographic loans: from the goddess Isis to the Virgin Mary
The image of the Virgin Mary nursing a baby Jesus is a well-recognized depiction for practically everyone. We have seen it in churches, muse…
Archaeology
The three times dead. Mummies, swamps, and rituals
Death is defined as a passage, a transition. The funeral ritual is a rite of passage between two opposing spaces, that of life and that of d…